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    📌 ChromiumPage
  </a>
  
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  <a href="#chromiumelement" class="md-nav__link">
    📌 ChromiumElement
  </a>
  
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    📌 SessionPage
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    📌 SessionElement
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  <h1>☀️ 基本概念</h1>

<p>本节讲解 DrissionPage 的一些基本概念。了解它大概的构成。</p>
<p>如果您觉得有点懵，可直接跳过本节。</p>
<h2 id="_1">✅️️ 网页自动化</h2>
<p>网页自动化的形式通常有两种，它们各有优劣：</p>
<ul>
<li>直接向服务器发送数据包，获取需要的数据</li>
<li>控制浏览器跟网页进行交互</li>
</ul>
<p>前者轻量级，速度快，便于多线程、分布式部署，如 requests 库。但当数据包构成复杂，甚至加入加密技术时，开发过程烧脑程度直线上升。</p>
<p>鉴于此，DrissionPage 以页面为单位将两者整合，对 Chromium 协议 和 requests 进行了重新封装，实现两种模式的互通，并加入常用的页面和元素控制功能，可大幅降低开发难度和代码量。<br />
用于操作浏览器的对象叫 Driver，requests 用于管理连接的对象叫 Session，Drission 就是它们两者的合体。Page 表示以 POM 模式封装。
在旧版本，本库是通过对 selenium 和 requests 的重新封装实现的。<br />
从 3.0 版开始，作者另起炉灶，用 chromium 协议自行实现了 selenium 全部功能，从而摆脱了对 selenium 的依赖，功能更多更强，运行效率更高，开发更灵活。</p>
<p>如果您想了解旧版，请查阅“旧版使用方法”章节。</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="_2">✅️️ 主要对象</h2>
<p>无论是控制浏览器，还是收发数据包，其操作逻辑是一致的，即先创建页面对象，通过页面对象控制浏览器或收发数据包，再从浏览器或返回的数据中获取元素对象，从而实现数据的获取或页面的控制。因此，最主要的对象就是两种：页面对象，及其生成的元素对象。</p>
<p>常用的页面对象有 3 种：</p>
<ul>
<li>
<p><code>ChromiumPage</code>：单纯用于操作浏览器的页面对象</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>SessionPage</code>：单纯用于收发数据包的页面对象</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><code>WebPage</code>：整合浏览器控制和收发数据包于一体的页面对象</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="chromiumpage">📌 <code>ChromiumPage</code></h3>
<p><code>ChromiumPage</code>是用于操作浏览器的页面对象，它仅用于操作浏览器，而不能收发数据包。支持 Chroium 内核浏览器，如 Chrome、Edge 等。创建页面对象时，程序会自动启动浏览器，如果指定端口已存在浏览器，就接管该浏览器。</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">注意</p>
<p>尝试以下代码前，请先关闭已经打开的 Chrome 浏览器。<br>如果启动失败，请查看“入门指南”里“准备工作”一节配置浏览器路径。</p>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DrissionPage</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">ChromiumPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-0-3" name="__codelineno-0-3" href="#__codelineno-0-3"></a><span class="c1"># 创建页面对象</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-4" name="__codelineno-0-4" href="#__codelineno-0-4"></a><span class="n">page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ChromiumPage</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-5" name="__codelineno-0-5" href="#__codelineno-0-5"></a><span class="c1"># 控制浏览器访问百度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-6" name="__codelineno-0-6" href="#__codelineno-0-6"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 使用页面对象访问</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-7" name="__codelineno-0-7" href="#__codelineno-0-7"></a><span class="c1"># 定位输入框并输入关键字</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-8" name="__codelineno-0-8" href="#__codelineno-0-8"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#kw&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;DrissionPage&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-9" name="__codelineno-0-9" href="#__codelineno-0-9"></a><span class="c1"># 点击“百度一下”按钮</span>
<a id="__codelineno-0-10" name="__codelineno-0-10" href="#__codelineno-0-10"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;@value=百度一下&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">click</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h3 id="chromiumelement">📌 <code>ChromiumElement</code></h3>
<p><code>ChromiumElemnet</code>对象是浏览器页面元素对象，可对浏览器中的元素进行点击、文本输入、拖拽、运行 js 脚本等操作，也可以基于这个元素查找其下级或周围的元素。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="c1"># 获取id为&#39;kw&#39;的元素对象</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-2" name="__codelineno-1-2" href="#__codelineno-1-2"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#kw&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-3" name="__codelineno-1-3" href="#__codelineno-1-3"></a><span class="c1"># 点击元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-4" name="__codelineno-1-4" href="#__codelineno-1-4"></a><span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">click</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-5" name="__codelineno-1-5" href="#__codelineno-1-5"></a><span class="c1"># 输入文本</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-6" name="__codelineno-1-6" href="#__codelineno-1-6"></a><span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;some text&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-7" name="__codelineno-1-7" href="#__codelineno-1-7"></a><span class="c1"># 获取 class 属性</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-8" name="__codelineno-1-8" href="#__codelineno-1-8"></a><span class="n">attr</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">attr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;class&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-9" name="__codelineno-1-9" href="#__codelineno-1-9"></a><span class="c1"># 设置 style 属性</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-10" name="__codelineno-1-10" href="#__codelineno-1-10"></a><span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">set_attr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;style&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;display:none;&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-11" name="__codelineno-1-11" href="#__codelineno-1-11"></a><span class="c1"># 获取其子元素中所有 a 元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-1-12" name="__codelineno-1-12" href="#__codelineno-1-12"></a><span class="n">links</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;tag:a&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>除了最常用的<code>ChromiumElement</code>对象，浏览器还会产生<code>ChromiumFrame</code>、<code>ChromiumShadowRootElement</code>、<code>ChromiumTab</code>对象，详细用法见相关章节。</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="sessionpage">📌 <code>SessionPage</code></h3>
<p><code>SessionPage</code>是用于收发数据包的页面对象，它仅用于收发数据包，而不能操作浏览器。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DrissionPage</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">SessionPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a><span class="c1"># 创建页面对象</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-4" name="__codelineno-2-4" href="#__codelineno-2-4"></a><span class="n">page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SessionPage</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-5" name="__codelineno-2-5" href="#__codelineno-2-5"></a><span class="c1"># 访问百度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-6" name="__codelineno-2-6" href="#__codelineno-2-6"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;https://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-7" name="__codelineno-2-7" href="#__codelineno-2-7"></a><span class="c1"># 获取元素对象</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-8" name="__codelineno-2-8" href="#__codelineno-2-8"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#kw&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-9" name="__codelineno-2-9" href="#__codelineno-2-9"></a><span class="c1"># 打印元素html</span>
<a id="__codelineno-2-10" name="__codelineno-2-10" href="#__codelineno-2-10"></a><span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">html</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>输出：</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-3-1" name="__codelineno-3-1" href="#__codelineno-3-1"></a>&lt;input<span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;kw&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;wd&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;s_ipt&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">value</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">maxlength</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;255&quot;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">autocomplete</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;off&quot;</span>&gt;
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h3 id="sessionelement">📌 <code>SessionElement</code></h3>
<p><code>SessionElement</code>对象是<code>SessionPage</code>产生的元素对象，可以读取元素信息，或基于它进行下级元素查找、相对定位其它元素，但不能执行点击等操作。<br />
这种对象解析效率非常高，当浏览器页面太复杂时，可把<code>ChromiumElement</code>元素转换为<code>SessionElement</code>进行解析，提高速度。转换的同时可以执行下级元素的查找。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-4-1" name="__codelineno-4-1" href="#__codelineno-4-1"></a><span class="c1"># 获取元素 tag 属性</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-2" name="__codelineno-4-2" href="#__codelineno-4-2"></a><span class="n">tag</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">tag</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-3" name="__codelineno-4-3" href="#__codelineno-4-3"></a><span class="c1"># 在元素下查找第一个 name 为 name1 的子元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-4-4" name="__codelineno-4-4" href="#__codelineno-4-4"></a><span class="n">ele1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;@name=name1&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h3 id="webpage">📌 <code>WebPage</code></h3>
<p><code>WebPage</code>是整合了上面两者的页面对象，既可控制浏览器，又可收发数据包，并且可以在这两者之间共享登录信息。</p>
<p>它有两种工作模式：d 模式和 s 模式。d 模式用于控制浏览器，s 模式用于收发数据包。<code>WebPage</code>可在两种模式间切换，但同一时间只能处于其中一种模式。</p>
<p>在 d 模式时，<code>WebPage</code>获取的元素是<code>ChromiumElement</code>，在 s 模式时，获取到的元素是<code>SessionElement</code>。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">DrissionPage</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">WebPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-5-3" name="__codelineno-5-3" href="#__codelineno-5-3"></a><span class="c1"># 创建页面对象，初始d模式</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-4" name="__codelineno-5-4" href="#__codelineno-5-4"></a><span class="n">page</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">WebPage</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;d&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-5" name="__codelineno-5-5" href="#__codelineno-5-5"></a><span class="c1"># 访问百度</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-6" name="__codelineno-5-6" href="#__codelineno-5-6"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;http://www.baidu.com&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-7" name="__codelineno-5-7" href="#__codelineno-5-7"></a><span class="c1"># 定位输入框并输入关键字</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-8" name="__codelineno-5-8" href="#__codelineno-5-8"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;#kw&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;DrissionPage&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-9" name="__codelineno-5-9" href="#__codelineno-5-9"></a><span class="c1"># 点击“百度一下”按钮</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-10" name="__codelineno-5-10" href="#__codelineno-5-10"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;@value=百度一下&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">click</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-11" name="__codelineno-5-11" href="#__codelineno-5-11"></a><span class="c1"># 等待页面加载</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-12" name="__codelineno-5-12" href="#__codelineno-5-12"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">wait</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load_start</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-13" name="__codelineno-5-13" href="#__codelineno-5-13"></a><span class="c1"># 切换到s模式</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-14" name="__codelineno-5-14" href="#__codelineno-5-14"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">change_mode</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-15" name="__codelineno-5-15" href="#__codelineno-5-15"></a><span class="c1"># 获取所有结果元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-16" name="__codelineno-5-16" href="#__codelineno-5-16"></a><span class="n">results</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;tag:h3&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-17" name="__codelineno-5-17" href="#__codelineno-5-17"></a><span class="c1"># 遍历所有结果</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-18" name="__codelineno-5-18" href="#__codelineno-5-18"></a><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">result</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">results</span><span class="p">:</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-19" name="__codelineno-5-19" href="#__codelineno-5-19"></a>    <span class="c1"># 打印结果文本</span>
<a id="__codelineno-5-20" name="__codelineno-5-20" href="#__codelineno-5-20"></a>    <span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">result</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">text</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><strong>输出：</strong></p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-6-1" name="__codelineno-6-1" href="#__codelineno-6-1"></a>DrissionPage:<span class="w"> </span>一个整合了selenium和requests_html的模块,...
<a id="__codelineno-6-2" name="__codelineno-6-2" href="#__codelineno-6-2"></a>g1879/DrissionPage-<span class="w"> </span>GitHub
<a id="__codelineno-6-3" name="__codelineno-6-3" href="#__codelineno-6-3"></a>python采集库DrissionPage-<span class="w"> </span>腾讯云开发者社区-腾讯云
<a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>DrissionPage-<span class="w"> </span>Web应用开发<span class="w"> </span>-<span class="w"> </span>青少年人工智能资源与创新...
<a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a>DrissionPage-demos:<span class="w"> </span>使用DrissionPage爬取常见网站的示例。
<a id="__codelineno-6-6" name="__codelineno-6-6" href="#__codelineno-6-6"></a>DrissionPagev1.9.0<span class="w"> </span>已经发布,WEB<span class="w"> </span>自动化测试集成工具_程...
<a id="__codelineno-6-7" name="__codelineno-6-7" href="#__codelineno-6-7"></a>DrissionPage首页、文档和下载<span class="w"> </span>-<span class="w"> </span>WEB<span class="w"> </span>自动化测试集成工具<span class="w"> </span>...
<a id="__codelineno-6-8" name="__codelineno-6-8" href="#__codelineno-6-8"></a>DrissionPage——<span class="w"> </span>Web<span class="w"> </span>自动化测试集成工具<span class="w"> </span>-<span class="w"> </span>OSCHINA<span class="w"> </span>-<span class="w"> </span>...
<a id="__codelineno-6-9" name="__codelineno-6-9" href="#__codelineno-6-9"></a>DrissionPagev1.10.0<span class="w"> </span>已经发布,WEB<span class="w"> </span>自动化测试集成工具<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span>...
<a id="__codelineno-6-10" name="__codelineno-6-10" href="#__codelineno-6-10"></a>DrissionPagev2.2.1<span class="w"> </span>发布,WEB<span class="w"> </span>自动化测试集成工具
</code></pre></div>
<p>详细使用方法见“创建页面对象”和“操作页面”章节。</p>
<hr />
<h2 id="_3">✅️️ 工作模式</h2>
<p>如上所述，<code>WebPage</code>既可控制浏览器，也可用数据包方式访问网络数据。它有两种工作方式：d 模式和 s 模式。<br />
页面对象可以在这两种模式间切换，两种模式拥有一致的使用方法，但任一时间只能处于其中一种模式。</p>
<h3 id="d">📌 d 模式</h3>
<p>d 模式既表示 Driver，还有 Dynamic 的意思。<br />
d 模式用于控制浏览器，不仅可以读取浏览器获取到的信息，还能对页面进行操作，如点击、填写、开关标签页、改变元素属性、执行 js 脚本等等。<br />
d 模式功能强大，但运行速度受浏览器制约非常缓慢，而且需要占用大量内存。</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="s">📌 s 模式</h3>
<p>s 模式既表示 Session，还有 speed、silence 的意思。<br />
s 模式的运行速度比 d 模式快几个数量级，但只能基于数据包进行读取或发送，不能对页面进行操作，不能运行 js。<br />
爬取数据时，如网站数据包较为简单，应首选 s 模式。</p>
<hr />
<h3 id="_4">📌 模式切换</h3>
<p><code>WebPage</code>对象可以在 d 模式和 s 模式之间切换，这通常用于以下情况：</p>
<ul>
<li>当登录验证很严格，难以解构，如有验证码的时候，用浏览器处理登录，然后转换成 s 模式爬取数据。既避免了处理烧脑的 js，又能享受 s 模式的速度。</li>
<li>页面数据由 js 产生，且页面结构极其复杂，可以用 d 模式读取页面元素，然后把元素转成 s 模式的元素进行分析。可以极大地提高 d 模式的处理速度。</li>
</ul>
<p>上述两种情况，第一种是整个页面对象进行模式转换：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-7-1" name="__codelineno-7-1" href="#__codelineno-7-1"></a><span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">change_mode</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>第二种是在 d 模式时仅对部分元素进行转换，如把表格元素转换为 s 模式的元素，在解析时速度比直接解析 d 模式元素快几个数量级。甚至可以把整个页面转换为 s 模式的元素，也是可以的。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-8-1" name="__codelineno-8-1" href="#__codelineno-8-1"></a><span class="c1"># 获取页面上一个 table 元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-2" name="__codelineno-8-2" href="#__codelineno-8-2"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ele</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;tag:table&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-3" name="__codelineno-8-3" href="#__codelineno-8-3"></a><span class="c1"># 把该元素转换成 s 模式的元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-4" name="__codelineno-8-4" href="#__codelineno-8-4"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">s_ele</span><span class="p">()</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-5" name="__codelineno-8-5" href="#__codelineno-8-5"></a><span class="c1"># 获取所有行元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-8-6" name="__codelineno-8-6" href="#__codelineno-8-6"></a><span class="n">rows</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">eles</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;tag:tr&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<hr />
<h2 id="_5">✅️️ 结构图</h2>
<p><code>WebPage</code>继承自<code>ChromiumPage</code>和<code>SessionPage</code>，前者负责控制浏览器，后者负责数据包收发，因此<code>WebPage</code>既能控制浏览器，也能收发数据包，并且能在两种模式中共享登录状态。</p>
<p><img alt="" src="../../imgs/webpage.jpg" /></p>
<hr />
<h2 id="_6">✅️️ 配置管理</h2>
<p>无论 requests 还是浏览器，都通常须要一些配置信息才能正常工作，如长长的<code>user_agent</code>、浏览器 exe 文件路径、浏览器配置等。这些代码往往是繁琐而重复的，不利于代码的简洁。<br />
因此，DrissionPage 使用配置文件记录常用配置信息，程序会自动读取默认配置文件里的内容。所以，在示例中，通常看不见配置信息的代码。</p>
<p>这个功能支持用户保存不同的配置文件，按情况调研，也可以支持直接把配置写在代码里面，屏蔽读取配置文件。</p>
<div class="admonition tip">
<p class="admonition-title">Tips</p>
<p>当须要打包程序时，必须把配置写到代码里，或打包后手动复制配置文件到运行路径，否则会报错。详见相关章节。</p>
</div>
<hr />
<h2 id="_7">✅️️ 定位符</h2>
<p>定位符用于定位页面中的元素，是本库一大特色，能够用非常简明的方式来获取元素，简洁易用。可读性和易用性高于 xpath 等其它方式，并且兼容 xpath、css selector、selenium 定位符。</p>
<p>以下是一组对比：</p>
<p>定位文本包含<code>'abc'</code>的元素：</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-9-1" name="__codelineno-9-1" href="#__codelineno-9-1"></a><span class="c1"># DrissionPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-2" name="__codelineno-9-2" href="#__codelineno-9-2"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-3" name="__codelineno-9-3" href="#__codelineno-9-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-9-4" name="__codelineno-9-4" href="#__codelineno-9-4"></a><span class="c1"># selenium</span>
<a id="__codelineno-9-5" name="__codelineno-9-5" href="#__codelineno-9-5"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">driver</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">By</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">XPATH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;//*[contains(text(), &quot;abc&quot;]&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>定位 class 为<code>'abc'</code>的元素</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-10-1" name="__codelineno-10-1" href="#__codelineno-10-1"></a><span class="c1"># DrissionPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-2" name="__codelineno-10-2" href="#__codelineno-10-2"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">page</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;.abc&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-3" name="__codelineno-10-3" href="#__codelineno-10-3"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-10-4" name="__codelineno-10-4" href="#__codelineno-10-4"></a><span class="c1"># selenium</span>
<a id="__codelineno-10-5" name="__codelineno-10-5" href="#__codelineno-10-5"></a><span class="n">ele</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">driver</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">By</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">CLASS_NAME</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;abc&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>定位 ele 元素的兄弟元素</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><a id="__codelineno-11-1" name="__codelineno-11-1" href="#__codelineno-11-1"></a><span class="c1"># DrissionPage</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-2" name="__codelineno-11-2" href="#__codelineno-11-2"></a><span class="n">ele1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">next</span><span class="p">()</span>  <span class="c1"># 获取后一个元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-3" name="__codelineno-11-3" href="#__codelineno-11-3"></a><span class="n">ele1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prev</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">index</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 获取前面第二个元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-4" name="__codelineno-11-4" href="#__codelineno-11-4"></a>
<a id="__codelineno-11-5" name="__codelineno-11-5" href="#__codelineno-11-5"></a><span class="c1"># selenium</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-6" name="__codelineno-11-6" href="#__codelineno-11-6"></a><span class="n">ele1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">By</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">XPATH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.//following-sibling::*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 获取有i一个元素</span>
<a id="__codelineno-11-7" name="__codelineno-11-7" href="#__codelineno-11-7"></a><span class="n">ele1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ele</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">find_element</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">By</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">XPATH</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">&#39;.//preceding-sibling::*[2]&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>  <span class="c1"># 获取前面第二个元素</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>显然，本库的定位语句更简洁易懂，还有很多灵活好用的方法，详见“查找元素”章节。</p>





                
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